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Louis Jacobson
By Louis Jacobson December 5, 2016

He presided over significant cuts, but not necessarily as high as promised

President Barack Obama has often said he's proud of what his administration has done to reduce the federal deficit, particularly after the immediate challenges of the Great Recession subsided.

During the 2012 campaign, he offered some specifics about what he hoped to do during his second term.

"I'll make sure the government does its part by cutting away spending we don't need," Obama said. "We've already cut a trillion dollars of spending we didn't need and we can do more. I want to do another trillion, trillion and a half of cuts."

There's little question that Obama presided over significant spending cuts during his second term. The cuts were thanks in large part to a widely-complained-about framework of across-the-board spending cuts known as sequestration.

Still, getting to the $1 trillion to $1.5 trillion benchmark he laid out in his promise requires some generous math.

"Like anything else in budgeting, it's all about the baseline," said Steve Ellis, vice president of Taxpayers for Common Sense. "It's a cut relative to what?"

The most obvious way to judge how much spending went down on Obama's watch is to start with how much spending was expected in 2012, when he made the promise, and then compare that to the amount of spending that actually materialized. To determine how much spending was expected in 2012, we used 2012 projections from the Congressional Budget Office, a widely trusted nonpartisan source for budget numbers.

Over the final five years of Obama's presidency -- 2012 through 2016 -- projected spending minus actual spending totaled a cumulative $427 billion. That's a significant amount of savings, but it's less than half the lowest benchmark Obama offered in his 2012 campaign promise.

It's possible to reach Obama's target if you go beyond his presidency proper. Adding current projections for spending over the first four years of his successor's term produces a cumulative $1.534 trillion in savings between 2012 and 2020.

One can argue that Obama should take credit for these additional dollars saved by steering spending on a steady course, but it's important to note that the figure for 2012 to 2020 is heavily reliant on projections made using today's assumptions about future events. (Not only are there always unexpected contingencies, but Donald Trump will almost certainly have different spending priorities and patterns than Obama did.)

Here's a summary table of CBO's projected spending minus actual spending:

 

Year

2012 projection of outlays

Actual outlays, or 2016 projection of outlays

Savings above initial projection

2012

$3.563 trillion

$3.537 trillion

$36 billion

2013

$3.554 trillion

$3.455 trillion

$99 billion

2014

$3,595 trillion

$3.506 trillion

$89 billion

2015

$3.754 trillion

$3.688 trillion

$66 billion

2016

$4.003 trillion

$3.866 trillion

$137 billion

2017

$4.206 trillion

$4.015 trillion

$191 billion

2018

$4.407 trillion

$4.120 trillion

$287 billion

2019

$4.681 trillion

$4.370 trillion

$311 billion

2020

$4.932 trillion

$4.614 trillion

$318 billion

2012-2016

 
 

$427 billion

2012-2020

 
 

$1.534 trillion

 

Meanwhile, there's another way to tally up "savings" -- taking what the administration had proposed spending in each of the past five fiscal years, then subtracting the actual amount the government ended up spending.

Using this method, the savings between 2013 and 2017 add up to a bit over $1 trillion. That reaches the lower end of Obama's target range. Here are the details:

Year

Administration's proposed outlays

Actual outlays

Savings above initial administration proposal

2013

$3.803 trillion

$3.455 trillion

$348 billion

2014

$3.778 trillion

$3.506 trillion

$272 billion

2015

$3.901 trillion

$3.688 trillion

$213 billion

2016

$3.999 trillion

$3.866 trillion

$133 billion

2017

$4.147 trillion

$4.015 trillion

$132 billion

2013-2017

 
 

$1.098 trillion

 
 

But this method has shortcomings, too. Regardless of which parties happen to control the White House and Congress, the president's spending proposal is inevitably considered a starting point in negotiations -- a wish list more than an ending point. For this reason, it doesn't seem appropriate to give Obama credit for achieving savings from what amounts to a high-ball starting proposal.

Ultimately, Obama deserves credit for hundreds of billions of dollars in savings when measured using the most cautious methodologies. But he only can only reach the $1 trillion to $1.5 trillion he laid out in his 2012 promise by using more permissive standards that are of questionable value. We rate this promise a Compromise.

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