Health care gets heated on night 2 of the Democratic presidential debate

On Thursday, the second night of the first Democratic primary debate, the 10 presidential hopefuls took the stage and health issues became an early flashpoint.

Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) opened the debate calling health care a "human right" -- a refrain echoed by several other candidates on stage -- and saying "we have to pass a Medicare for all, single-payer system" -- which was not.

Just as on Wednesday night, moderators asked candidates who would support abolishing private insurance under a single-payer system. Again, only two candidates -- this time Sanders and California Sen. Kamala Harris -- raised their hands. 

Former Vice President Joe Biden also jumped on health care, saying Americans "need to have insurance that is covered, and that they can afford." 

But he offered a different view of how to achieve the goal, saying the fastest way would be to "build on Obamacare. To build on what we did." He also drew a line in the sand, promising to oppose any Democrat or Republican who tried to take down Obamacare.

Candidates including South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg, New York Sen. Kristen Gillibrand and Colorado Sen. Michael Bennet, offered their takes on universal coverage, each underscoring the importance of a transition from the current system and suggesting that a public option approach, something that would allow people to buy into a program like Medicare, would offer a "glide path" to the ultimate goal of universal coverage. Gillibrand noted that she ran on such a proposal in 2005. (This is true.)

Meanwhile, former Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper used the issue of Medicare for All to say that it is important to not allow Republicans to paint the Democratic party as socialist but also to claim his own successes in implementing coverage expansions to reach "near universal coverage" Colorado. PolitiFact examined this claim and found it Mostly True. 

"You don't need big government to do big things. I know that because I'm the one person up here who's actually done the big progressive things everyone else is talking about," he said.

But still, while candidates were quick to make their differences clear, not all of their claims fully stood up to scrutiny.

We fact-checked some of those remarks.

Sanders: "President Trump, you're not standing up for working families when you try to throw 32 million people off the health care that they have."

This is one of Sanders’ favorite lines, but it falls short of giving the full story of the Republican effort to repeal and replace Obamacare. We rated a similar claim Half True.

Scrapping the Affordable Care Act was a key campaign promise for President Donald Trump. In 2017, as the Republican-led Congress struggled to deliver, Trump tweeted "Republicans should just REPEAL failing Obamacare now and work on a new health care plan that will start from a clean slate."

The Congressional Budget Office estimated that would lead to 32 million more people without insurance by 2026. But some portion of that 32 million would have chosen not to buy insurance due to the end of the individual mandate, which would happen under repeal. (It happened anyway, but that was part of the 2017 tax law.)

In the end, full repeal didn’t happen. Instead, Trump was only able to zero out the fines for people who didn’t have insurance. Insurance coverage has eroded. The latest survey shows about 1.3 million people have lost insurance since Trump took office.

Bennett, meanwhile, used his time to attack Medicare for all on a feasibility standpoint.

Bennet: "Bernie mentioned that the taxes that we would have to pay — because of those taxes, Vermont rejected Medicare for All."

This is true, though it could use some context. 

Vermont’s effort to pass a state-based single-payer health plan -- which the state legislature approved in 2011 -- officially fell flat in December 2014. Financing the plan ultimately required an 11.5% payroll tax on all employers, plus raising the income tax by as much as 9.5%. The governor at the time, Democrat Peter Shumlin, declared this politically untenable.

That said, some analysts suggest other political factors may have played a role, too -- for instance, fallout after the state launched its Affordable Care Act health insurance website, which faced technical difficulties.

Nationally, when voters are told Medicare for All could result in higher taxes, support declines.

And a point was made about the nation’s high burden of chronic disease. 

Marianne Williamson: "So many Americans have unnecessary chronic illnesses — so many more compared to other countries."

There is evidence for this, at least for older Americans.

A November 2014 study by the Commonwealth Fund found that 68% of Americans 65 and older had two or more chronic conditions, and an additional 20% had one chronic condition.

No other country studied — the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Sweden, Norway, France, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, or Canada — had a higher rate of older residents with at least two chronic conditions. The percentages ranged from 33 percent in the United Kingdom to 56 percent in Canada.

An earlier study published in the journal Health Affairs in 2007 found that "for many of the most costly chronic conditions, diagnosed disease prevalence and treatment rates were higher in the United States than in a sample of European countries in 2004."

Jon Greenberg and Louis Jacobson contributed to this story.