Says Michelle Obama "had a staff of 23" while Melania Trump "has a staff of 4."
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Did Michelle Obama have a staff of 23 while Melania Trump has just 4?
A recent viral image shared by the conservative group Turning Point USA sought to contrast the way the Obamas and the Trumps handle public money in the course of carrying out their work.
The post said, "Obama donated none of his salary. Michelle had a staff of 23. Trump donates all of his salary. Melania has a staff of 4." Posted to Facebook on Aug. 1, 2018, this image was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. It was also shared with PolitiFact by a reader.
Alleging that the Obamas ripped off taxpayers with lavish spending is a longtime attack line, and one that’s been regularly debunked. We knocked down such claims during Obama’s first term, as did FactCheck.org and Snopes.
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What about this viral image?
There’s not much controversy about the presidents’ divergent approaches to salary donation. We are tracking Trump’s pledge to donate his presidential salary on the Trump-O-Meter and currently rate it a Promise Kept.
But what about the assertion that Michelle Obama "had a staff of 23" while Melania Trump "has a staff of 4"? We found that it’s exaggerated. (Turning Point USA did not respond to an inquiry.)
Counting heads
Shortly after her husband was sworn in, Trump said in a statement that she would slowly build out her staff.
"I am putting together a professional and highly experienced team, which will take time to do properly," the statement said. "I am excited to be organizing and bringing together such a dynamic and forward-thinking group of individuals who will work together to make our country better for everyone."
In April 2018, the White House told CNN that the East Wing staff had reached 10 people. The following August, the Washington Post reported the same number of staffers — 10.
In late June 2018, an official filing by the White House listed at least seven employees who had been cited in the CNN report as reporting to Melania Trump:
• Lindsay B. Reynolds, assistant to the president and chief of staff to the first lady.
• Stephanie A. Grisham, deputy assistant to the president and director of communications for the office of the first lady.
• Anna C. Niceta, deputy assistant to the president and social secretary.
• Reagan P. Thompson, special assistant to the president and director of policy for the office of the first lady
• Emily K. Biddle, deputy social secretary
• Vanessa M. Schneider, deputy social secretary
• Anne H. LeHardy, communications coordinator
Grisham told PolitiFact on March 12, 2019, that the first lady’s office had reached 12 employees.
Anita McBride, who served as chief of staff to Laura Bush from 2005 to 2009 and is now an executive in residence at the School of Public Affairs at American University, said that the size of Melania Trump’s staff "is totally driven by the choice of the first lady, and to be fair to her, she said right from the beginning she was not interested in the quantity of her staff but rather in the quality. She has been clear that she is not going to be defined by past descriptions of the job, and certainly every first lady gets to redefine the role to suit her vision."
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Comparisons with previous first ladies
In any case, the post said that Melania Trump has four staffers, but that’s not accurate.
What the post does get right is that Trump’s East Wing staff is smaller than Obama’s — though it’s misleading to single out Obama, since it’s also below that of most recent presidents.
At 10, Melania Trump’s staff would be the smallest of any first lady since Mamie Eisenhower, said Allida Black, a research professor at George Washington University, in an interview with the Washington Post.
We found that Michelle Obama's staff was about 25, similar in size to her immediate predecessors.
In 2009, the Associated Press reported that outgoing first lady Laura Bush had a staff of between 24 and 26, while Hillary Rodham Clinton's staff reached 19 by March 2000. Sheila Tate, Nancy's Reagan's press secretary, told PolitiFact in 2011 that the first lady’s staff in her era tended to be 15 people.
"The role of the first lady has evolved over the centuries, and the hyper-active first lady that we are accustomed to today was something that came about in the 1970s," said Jennifer Highfield, president of the National First Ladies’ Library in Canton, Ohio.
A smaller staff does have an impact on what a first lady can accomplish, said Myra Gutin, a communications professor at Rider University and author of the books, "The President’s Partner: The First Lady in the Twentieth Century" and "Barbara Bush: First Lady of Literacy."
"A smaller staff limits the first lady's reach in terms of advocacy for an issue, travel, speeches, and media," Gutin said.
That smaller reach may be in line with Melania Trump’s wishes, said Katherine Jellison, an Ohio University historian who specializes in first ladies.
While Melania Trump has advocated for reducing online bullying in an effort called "Be Best," Jellison said she "doesn't have the extensive public agenda that Eleanor Roosevelt, Michelle Obama, or some other first ladies had."
Our ruling
The post said that Michelle Obama "had a staff of 23" while Melania Trump "has a staff of 4."
The number for Obama is in the ballpark, but the number for Trump is too low. Meanwhile, although Trump’s staff is smaller than Obama’s, it’s misleading to single out Obama, since Trump’s staff is also smaller than any first lady’s staff, Democratic or Republican, in decades.
We rate the statement Half True.
PolitiFact Rating: 
Our Sources
Turning Point USA, Facebook post, Aug. March 1, 2018
CNN, "Melania Trump kicks off new year with new hires," Jan. 11, 2018
CNN, "Melania Trump's East Wing team prepares for a major diplomatic moment," April 21, 2018
White House, "Be Best," accessed March 12, 2019
Executive Office of the President, "Annual Report to Congress on White House Personnel," June 29, 2018
Motley Fool, "The 10 Richest U.S. Presidents," Nov 20, 2016
People magazine, "First Lady Melania Trump Hires Chief of Staff, Dispels Rumors She Won't Be Moving to White House," Feb. 1, 2017
Washington Post, "A tiny staff. An aide’s abrupt departure. That jacket. Why Melania Trump’s Be Best is off to a slow start," Aug. 6, 2018
Associated Press, "A Snapshot Of Some First Ladies' Staffs," Oct. 6, 2009
Snopes.com, "First Lady Michelle Obama Requires More Than Twenty Attendants," Aug. 16, 2009
FactCheck.org, "Michelle Obama’s Staff," Aug. 5, 2009
PolitiFact, "Glenn Beck says First Lady Michelle Obama has 43 on her staff while Nancy Reagan had just 3," March 4, 2011
PolitiFact, Trump-O-Meter "take no salary" promise check, accessed March 12, 2019
Email interview with Katherine Jellison, Ohio University historian, March 11, 2019
Email interview with Anita McBride, chief of staff to Laura Bush from 2005 to 2009 and an executive in residence at the School of Public Affairs at American University, March 11, 2019
Email interview with Jennifer Highfield, president of the National First Ladies’ Library, March 11, 2019
Email interview with Myra Gutin, a communications professor at Rider University and author of the books "The President’s Partner: The First Lady in the Twentieth Century" and "Barbara Bush: First Lady of Literacy," March 11, 2019
Email interview with Stephanie A. Grisham, deputy assistant to the president and director of communications for the office of the first lady, March 12, 2019
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